Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Third Dynasty of Ur:
Introduced by Ur-Nammu, the title of Sumer and Akkad was an important royal title during the Third Dynasty of Ur.
- Ur-Nammu (r. c. 2112–2095 BC)
- Shulgi (r. c. 2094–2047 BC)
- Amar-Sin (r. c. 2046–2038 BC)
- Shu-Sin (r. c. 2037–2029 BC)
- Ibbi-Sin (r. c. 2028–2004 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Dynasty of Isin:
King of Sumer and Akkad continued to be the primary royal title claiming kingship over Mesopotamia in the Dynasty of Isin.
- Ishbi-Erra (r. c. 1953–1920 BC)
- Shu-Ilishu (r. c. 1920–1900 BC)
- Iddin-Dagan (r. c. 1900–1879 BC)
- Ishme-Dagan (r. c. 1879–1859 BC)
- Lipit-Eshtar (r. c. 1859–1848 BC)
- Ur-Ninurta (r. c. 1848–1820 BC)
- Bur-Suen (r. c. 1820–1799 BC)
- Lipit-Enlil (r. c. 1799–1794 BC)
- Erra-imitti (r. c. 1794–1786 BC)
- Enlil-bani (r. c. 1786–1762 BC)
- Zambiya (r. c. 1762–1759 BC)
- Iter-pisha (r. c. 1759–1755 BC)
- Ur-du-kuga (r. c. 1755–1751 BC)
- Suen-magir (r. c. 1751–1740 BC)
- Damiq-ilishu (r. c. 1740–1717 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in Larsa:
- Sin-Iddinam (r. c. 1785–1778 BC)
- Rim-Sin (r. c. 1758–1699 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in Babylon:
See also: List of kings of Babylon
Claimed by Hammurabi after his conquest of Mesopotamia, the title was sporadically used by Babylonian kings up until the 700s BC. Some kings who used the title include;
- Hammurabi (r. c. 1728–1686 BC)
- Karaindash (c. 1410 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Middle Assyrian Empire:
Tukulti-Ninurta I was the only Middle Assyrian king to hold Babylon and as such the only to assume the title.
- Tukulti-Ninurta I (r. c. 1244–1208 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Neo-Assyrian Empire:
With the exception of Shamshi-Adad V, the title was only used by Neo-Assyrian rulers who actually controlled Babylon.
- Shamshi-Adad V (r. 824–811 BC)
- Tiglath-Pileser III (r. 745–727 BC)
- Shalmaneser V (r. 727–722 BC)
- Sargon II (r. 722–705 BC)
- Esarhaddon (r. 681–669 BC)
- Ashurbanipal (r. 669–631 BC)
- Shamash-shum-ukin (Neo-Assyrian king of Babylon, r. 668–648 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Neo-Babylonian Empire:
After regaining independence, the rulers of Babylon continued to use the title.
- Nabopolassar (r. 626–605 BC)
- Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605–562 BC)
- Amel-Marduk (r. 562–560 BC)
- Neriglissar (r. 560–556 BC)
- Labashi-Marduk (r. 556 BC)
- Nabonidus (r. 556–539 BC)
Kings of Sumer and Akkad in the Achaemenid Empire:
- Cyrus the Great (r. 559–530 BC), claimed the title from 539 BC.