Ηγεμόνες Παρθίας
Throne Name | Original Name | Title | Born-Died | Entered office | Left office | Family Relations | Note | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arsacid dynasty, 247 BC–228 AD | |||||||||
1 | Αρσάκης Α' (I) | Τιριδάτης Α' or Arsaces | King, Karen, Autocrator | ? - 211 BC | 247 BC | 211 BC | A descendant of Arsaces son of Phriapatius who was probably son of Artaxerxes II | ||
2 | Αρσάκης Β' (II) | Αρτάβανος αΑ' | ? - 185 BC | 211 BC | 185 BC[1] | Son of Arsaces I | |||
3 | Αρσάκης Γ' (III) | Πριαπάτιος | ? - 170 BC | 185 BC | 170 BC[2] | Grandson of Τιριδάτου Α' | |||
4 | Αρσάκης Δ' (IV) | Φραάτης Α' | ? - 167 BC | 170 BC | 167 BC[3] | Son of Πριαπάτιου | |||
5 | Αρσάκης Ε' (V) | Μιθριδάτης Α' | The Great King, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene | ? - 132 BC | 167 BC[4] | 132 BC[5] | Son of Πριαπάτιου | ||
6 | Arsaces VI | Φραάτης Β' | The Great King, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros | ? - 127 BC | 132 BC | 127 BC[6] | Son of Μιθριδάτου Α' | Killed in battle with Scythians | |
7 | Arsaces VII | Αρτάβανος Α' | King | ? - 126 BC | 127 BC | 126 BC[7] | Son of Πριαπάτιου | Killed in battle with Tocharians | |
8 | Arsaces VIII | Βολόγασος αΑ' [8] | The Great King, Theopator, Philadelphos, Philhellene, Epiphanes | ? - 122 BC | 126 BC | 122 BC[9] | Son of Πριαπάτιου | He was the first Arsacid king of Media, Arran and Iberia | |
9 | Arsaces IX | Αρτάβανος Αα' [10] | The Great King, King of kings, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 121 BC | 122 BC | 121 BC | Son of Αρτάβανου Α' | Killed in battle with Medians | |
10 | Arsaces X | Μιθριδάτης Β' | The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Epiphanes, Soter | ? - 91 BC | 121 BC[11] | 91 BC | Son of Αρτάβανου Α' | ||
11 | Arsaces XI | Γοτάρσης Α' | The Great King, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator | ? - 87 BC | 91 BC | 87 BC | Son of Μιθριδάτου Β' | ||
12 | Arsaces XII | Αρτάβανος Αβ'[12] | The Great King, Theopator, Nicator | ? - 77? BC | 91 BC | 77? BC | Son of Βολογάσου αΑ' | ||
13 | Arsaces XIII | Μιθριδάτης Βα'[13] | The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes | ? - 67 BC | 88 BC | 67 BC | Son of Μιθριδάτου Β' | ||
14 | Arsaces XIV | Ορώδης Α' | The Great King, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 75 BC | 80 BC | 75 BC | Son of Μιθριδάτου Β' | ||
15 | Arsaces XV | Σανατρούκης Α' | The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | 157 BC - 70 BC | 77 BC | 70 BC | Son of Βολογάσου αΑ'[14] | ||
16 | Αρσάκης ΙΣΤ' (XVI)[15] | Αρσάκης ΙΣΤ' ? | The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes | ? - 66 BC | 77 BC | 66 BC | ? | ||
17 | Αρσάκης ΙΖ' (XVII) | Φραάτης Γ' | The Great King, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 57 BC | 70 BC | 57 BC | Son of Σανατρούκου Α' | Killed by Ορώδου Β' | |
18 | Αρσάκης ΙΗ' (XVIII)[16] | Αρσάκης ΙΗ'? | The Great King, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 63 BC | 66 BC | 63 BC | Son of Arsaces XVI | ||
19 | Arsaces XIX | Μιθριδάτης Γ' (or IV) | The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene | ? - 54 BC | 65 BC[17] | 54 BC | Son of Φραάτου Γ' | Killed by Ορώδου Β' | |
20 | Arsaces XX | Ορώδης Β' | King of Kings, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes | ? - 38 BC | 57 BC | 38 BC | Son of Φραάτου Γ' | Killed by Φραάτου Δ' | |
21 | Arsaces XXI | Πακώρος Α' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 38 BC | 50 BC | 38 BC | Son of Ορώδου Β' | Killed in battle with Romans | |
22 | Arsaces XXII | Φραάτης Δ' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 2 BC | 38 | 2 BC | Son of Ορώδου Β' | Killed by Μούσας | |
23 | Arsaces XXIII | Τιριδάτης Β' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos | ? - after 23 BC | 30 BC | 25 BC | Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III) | Deposed and went to Rome | |
24 | Arsaces XXIV | Μιθριδάτης Γα'[18] | ? | ? - ? BC | 12 BC | 9 BC | Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III) | ||
Musa | Μούσα | Queen of Queens, Thea, Urania | ?- 4? AD | 2 BC | 4 AD | Queen of Φραάτου Δ' | |||
25 | Arsaces XXV | Φραάτης Ε' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ?- 4 AD | 2 BC | 4 AD | Son of Φραάτου Ε' & Μούσας | Deposed and went to Rome | |
26 | Arsaces XXVI | Ορώδης Γ' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 6 | 4 | 6 | Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III) | Killed by Parthian aristocrats | |
27 | Arsaces XXVII | Βονώνης Α' | The Great King, King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus | ? - 19 | 8 | 12 | Son of Φραάτου Ε' | Deposed and went to Rome. Later, He was killed by Romans. | |
28 | Arsaces XXVIII | Αρτάβανος Β' (or IV) | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 40 | 10 | 40 | Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III) | ||
29 | Arsaces XXIX | Τιριδάτης Γ' | ? | ? - ? | 35 | 36 | Probably a descendant of Τιριδάτου Β' | Deposed and went to Rome | |
30 | Arsaces XXX | Κίνναμος | ? | ? - ? | 37 | 37 | Son of Αρτάβανου Β' (or IV) | Abdicated | |
31 | Arsaces XXXI | Γοτάρσης Β' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | 11 - 51 | 40 – | 51 | Son of Αρτάβανου Β' (or IV) | ||
32 | Arsaces XXXII | Βαρδάνης Α' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 46 | 40 | 46 | Son of Αρτάβανου Β' (or IV) | Killed by Gotarzes II | |
33 | Arsaces XXXIII | Βονώνης Β' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 51 | c. 45 | 51 | Son of Αρτάβανος Β' (or IV) | ||
34 | Arsaces XXXIV | Μιθριδάτης Γβ'[19] | ? | ? - ? | 49 | 50 | Son of Βονώνου Α' | Deposed and mutilated by Gotarzes II | |
35 | Arsaces XXXV | Βολόγασος Α' (or II) | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, The Lord | ? - 77 | 51 | 77 | Son of Βονώνου Β' | ||
36 | Arsaces XXXVI | Βαρδάνης Β' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - ? | 55 | 58 | Son of Βολογάσου Α' (or II) | Deposed | |
37 | Arsaces XXXVII | Βολόγασος Β' (or III) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - ? | 77 | 89/90 | Probably son of Βολογάσου Α' (or II) | ||
38 | Arsaces XXXVIII | Πακώρος Β' | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 115 | 77 | 115 | Probably son of Βολογάσου Α' (or II) | ||
39 | Arsaces XXXIX | Αρτάβανος Γ' (or V) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - ? | 80 | 81 | Probably son of Βολογάσου Α' (or II) | ||
40 | Arsaces XL | Οσρόης Α' | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 130 | 89/90 | 130 | Probably son of Βολογάσου Β' (or III) | ||
41 | Arsaces XLI | Βολόγασος Γ' (or IV) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 148 | 105 | 148 | ? | ||
42 | Arsaces XLII | Μιθριδάτης Δ' (or VII) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - c. 145 | 115 | c. 145 | Brother of Οσρόου Α' | Killed in battle with Romans | |
43 | Arsaces XLIII | Παρθαμασπάτης | King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - after 123 | 116 | 117 | Son of Οσρόου Α' | Deposed and went to Rome | |
44 | Arsaces XLIV[20] | Σανατρούκης Β' | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - c. 145 | c. 145 | c. 145 | son of Μιθριδάτου Δ' (or VII) | Killed in battle with Romans | |
45 | Arsaces XLV | Βολόγασος Δ' (or V) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 191 | 148 | 191 | Son of Μιθριδάτου Δ' (or VII) | ||
46 | Arsaces XLVI | Βολόγασος Ε' (or VI) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 208 | 191 | 208 | Son of Βολογάσου Δ' (or V) | ||
47 | Arsaces XLVII | Οσρόης Β' | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - ? | c. 190 | c. 195 | Probably son of Βολογάσου Δ' (or V) | ||
48 | Arsaces XLVIII | Βολόγασος ΣΤ' (or VII) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | 181 - 228 | 208 | 228 | Son of Βολογάσου Ε' (or VI) | Killed by Ardashir I | |
49 | Arsaces XLIX | Αρτάβανος Δ' (or VI) | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - 226 | 213 | 226 | Son of Βολογάσου Ε' (or VI) | Killed by Ardashir I | |
50 | Arsaces L | Τιριδάτης Δ'[21] | King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | ? - ? | 217 | 222 | Son of Βολογάσου Δ' (or V) | He was also king of Armenia |
There are some old chronologies that differ from the above list. Two of them are preseneted below:
Chronological Table of the Arsacid Kings of Parthia[22] | |||
New Chronology | Old Chronology | ||
---|---|---|---|
247 BC | Arsacid era begins; Andragoras autonomous as satrap |
c. 250 BC | Arsaces I of Parthia |
246 BC | Arsaces I of Parthia leads revolt in Parthia | c. 248 BC | Tiridates I of Parthia |
238 BC | Arsaces I of Parthia in control of Parthia | ||
217 or 214 BC | Arsaces II of Parthia | 211 BC | Artabanus I |
c. 191 BC | Phriapatius of Parthia | c. 191 BC | Phriapatius of Parthia |
c. 176 BC | Phraates I of Parthia | c. 176 BC | Phraates I of Parthia |
c. 171 BC | Mithridates I of Parthia | c. 171 BC | Mithridates I of Parthia |
c. 139/138 BC | Phraates II of Parthia | c. 138/137 BC | Phraates II of Parthia |
c. 127 BC | Artabanus I of Parthia | c. 128 BC | Artabanus II of Parthia |
c. 124/123 BC | Mithridates II of Parthia | c. 123 BC | Mithridates II of Parthia |
c. 90 BC | Gotarzes I of Parthia; Orodes I of Parthia |
c. 91 BC | Gotarzes I of Parthia |
c. 80 BC | Orodes I of Parthia | ||
78/77 BC | Sanatruces of Parthia | 76/77 BC | Sanatruces of Parthia |
71/70 BC | Phraates III of Parthia | 58/57 BC | Mithridates III of Parthia |
58/57 BC | Orodes II of Parthia | c. 57 BC | Orodes II of Parthia |
before 53 BC | Mithridates III of Parthia (struck coins at Seleucia) | ||
c. 40 BC | Phraates IV of Parthia | c. 40 BC | Phraates IV of Parthia |
c. 39 BC | Death of Pacorus I of Parthia | 38 BC | Death of Pacorus I of Parthia |
32-30 BC | Invasion by Tiridates I | 30-25 BC | Tiridates II of Parthia |
27/26 BC | Tiridates I strikes coins at Seleucia | ||
3/2 BC | Phraates V of Parthia | 3/2 BC | Phraates V of Parthia |
5/6 AD | Orodes III of Parthia | 4 AD | Orodes III of Parthia |
8/9 AD | Vonones I of Parthia | 7/8 AD | Vonones I of Parthia |
10/11 AD | Artabanus II of Parthia | 12 AD | Artabanus II of Parthia |
36 AD | Tiridates II of Parthia | 36 AD | Tiridates III of Parthia |
37 AD | Cinnamus | 37 AD | Cinnamus |
39-45 AD | Vardanes I of Parthia | 38 AD | Gotarzes II of Parthia |
43/44-50/51 AD | Gotarzes II of Parthia | 39-47/48 AD | Vardanes I of Parthia |
50/51-76/77 AD | Vologases I of Parthia | c. 51 AD | Vonones II of Parthia |
55 AD | Vardanes II of Parthia | 51/52-79/80 AD | Vologases I of Parthia |
77/78-78/79 AD | Vologases II of Parthia | ||
77/78-86/87 AD | Pacorus II of Parthia | 78-115/116 AD | Pacorus II of Parthia |
79/80-80/81 AD | Artabanus III of Parthia | 80-81 AD | Artabanus IV of Parthia |
92/93-95/96 AD | Pacorus II of Parthia | ||
104/105-107/108 AD | Vologases III of Parthia | 105/106-147 AD | Vologases II |
108/109-127/128 AD | Osroes I of Parthia; Parthamaspates of Parthia in 117 AD |
109/110-128/129 AD | Osroes I of Parthia; Parthamaspates of Parthia in 117 AD |
111/112-146/147 AD | Vologases III of Parthia | ||
c. 130-147 AD | Mithridates IV of Parthia | 128/129-147? AD | Mithridates IV of Parthia |
147/148-190/191 AD | Vologases IV of Parthia | 148-192 AD | Vologases III of Parthia |
190/191-207/208 AD | Vologases V of Parthia | 191-207/208 AD | Vologases IV of Parthia |
207/208-221/222 AD | Vologases VI of Parthia | 207/208-222/223 AD | Vologases V of Parthia |
c. 213 - c. 224 AD | Artabanus IV of Parthia | c. 213 - c. 224 AD | Artabanus V of Parthia |
Δυναστεία 1η[]
Kings (Βασιλείς) 260 BC - 228 AD
Arsacids Αρσακίδες
- Arsaces I, son of x?, Αρσάκης Α', (Αρσάκης Α΄) 247 - 211
He was the chief of the Parnians, one of the nomadic Scythian or Dahan tribes in the desert east of the Caspian Sea. Συνεχείς αγώνες κατά των Σελευκιδών. Κατά το θάνατό του το κράτος περιελάμβανε Parthia proper and Hyrcania.
- Tiridates Ι, son of x?, bhr of Arsaces I, Τιριδάτης Α', 246 - 211
Co-ruler of his brother. In Arrian's account, Tiridates maintained himself for a short time in Parthia, during the dissolution of the Seleucid empire by the attacks of Ptolemy III in 246 BC and the following years. Tiridates was defeated and expelled by Seleucus II But when Seleucus was forced, by the rebellion of his brother, Antiochus Hierax, to return to the west, Tiridates came back and defeated the Macedonians. Tiridates adopted the name of his brother Arsaces, and after him all the other Parthian kings.
- Arsaces IΙ, son of Tiridates Ι, Αρσάκης Β΄, Αρτάβανος, (Αρσάκης Β΄) 211 - 191
He is called "Artabanus" by early scholars but modern historians prefer "Arsaces II". Parthians expand into Iran Eastern (185) Πόλεμος κατά της Συρίας (υπό τον Αντίοχο τον Μεγάλο).
In 209 BC Antiochus III of the Seleucid kingdom invaded Parthia, occupied the capital Hecatompylus, pushed forward to Tagae near Damghan, defeated Arsaces II at Mount Labus, and entered Hyrcania where he occupied Tambrax.
- Priapatios, son of Artabanus I, Πριαπάτιος , (Αρσάκης Γ΄) 191 - 176
- Phraates I, son1 of Artabanus I, Φραάτης Α', (Αρσάκης Δ΄) 176 - 171
Υποταγή Μάρδων, νομαδικής φυλής της Μηδίας.
- Mithradates I, son2 of Artabanus I, Μιθριδάτης Α' , o Φιλέλλην, (Αρσάκης Ε΄) 171 - 139
He made Parthia into a major political power, expanded the empire westward into Mesopotamia. During his reign, the Parthians took Babylonia (144 BC), Media (141 BC) and Persia (139 BC), when Mithridates captured the Seleucid ruler Demetrius II of Syria. Conquest of Babylonia (144). Conquest of Media (141). Κατάκτηση Ελυμαίας.Conquest of Persis (Περσίδα) (139). Έλαβε τον τίτλο του αυτοκράτορα (Μ. Βασιλέας) (139?). Ενδεχομένως κατέλαβε και την ίδια την Βακτριανή (και συγκεκριμμένα την έδρα Βάκτρα). Νίκη κατά της Συρίας (υπό Δημήτριο Β΄τον Νικάνορα) (140) Αυτός μεταφέρθηκε στην Υρκανία και κρατήθηκε αιχμάλωτος μία δεκαετία. Τελικά αναγκάσθηκε να συζευχθεί την Ροδογούνη, θυγατέρα του νικητή. Απέσπασε από την Βακτριανή (υπό τον Ευκρατίδη) την όαση Μέρβ
- Phraates II, son1 of Mithradates I, Φραάτης Β', (Αρσάκης ΣΤ΄) 139 - 127
Πόλεμος με Συρία (υπό τον βασιλέα Αντίοχο Ζ΄τον Σιδήτη). Απώλεια Σελεύκειας, Εκβατάνων και Βαβυλώνας. Το Παρθικό κράτος περιωρίσθηκε στην Parthia proper.
Νέος πόλεμος με την Συρία (υπό βασιλέα Αντίοχο) Με την συμμαχία των Σκυθών οι Σύροι κατατροπώνονται (θάνατος Αντιόχου). Στην συνέχεια, οι Σκύθες δυσαρεστούνται και τον φονεύουν.
- Artabanus I, son of Priapatius, uncle of Phraates II, Αρτάβανος Α', (Αρσάκης Ζ΄) 127 - 124
Ανακοπή επιδρομής Σακών στο Παρθικό κράτος. Conquest of Babylonia (126). Πόλεμος κατά των Τοχάρων στην Βακτριανή όπου και φονεύθηκε.
- Mithradates II, the Great, son of Artabanus II, Μιθριδάτης Β',
(Αρσάκης Η΄) 123 - 88
Parthia reached its greatest extent during his reign. He saved the kingdom from the Scythians (Sacae or Tocharii), who had occupied Bactria and eastern Iran and killed his predecessor in battle. Κατέλαβε τμήμα της Αρμενίας και συνέλαβε αιχμάλωτο τον βασιλέα της Τιγράνη. Treaty with Rome (92)
- Gotarzes I, son of an unknown Arsacid, Γοτάρσης Α', 95 - 90
Ανταγωνιστής του Mithradates II.
- Orodes I, son of an unknown Arsacid, Ορώδης Α , (Αρσάκης Θ΄) 90 - 80
- king Α of unknown name Άγνωστος Α, 80 - 70
- Sanatruces, son of Mithradates II, Σανατρούκης, (-), 77 - 70
In the troubled times after the death of Mithridates II in c. 88 BC he was made king by the Sacaraucae, a Mongolian tribe who had invaded Iran in about 77 BC. He was eighty years old and reigned seven years; his successor was his son Phraates III
Phraates III, the Theos = God, son of Orodes I or of Sinatruces Φραάτης Γ΄ ο Θεός ο* Φιλορρωμαίος (Αρσάκης Ι΄) 70 - 57
This king (named "the God" on some of his coins), succeeded his father Sanatruces. When he came to the throne in 70 BC, the Roman general Lucullus was preparing to attack Tigranes the Great, king of Armenia, who was supreme in western Asia and had wrested Mesopotamia and several vassal states from Parthia. Naturally, Phraates declined to assist Mithradates VI of Pontus and Tigranes against the Romans. Instead, he supported his son-in-law, the... Ακολούθησε φιλική πολιτική προς την Ρώμη. Η δολοφονία του (57) αποδώθηκε στους υιούς του, Mithradates III και Orodes II.
Mithradates III, son1 of Phraates III, Μιθριδάτης Γ', ο *Πατροκτόνος, (Αρσάκης ΙΑ΄), 57 - 54
Ανατραπείς υπό των ευγενών κατέφυγε στην Βαβυλώνα όπου συνελήφθη αιχμάλωτος από τον αδελφό του.
Orodes II, son2 of Phraates III, Ορώδης Β΄
ο *Επιφανής, (Αρσάκης ΙΒ΄) 57 - 38
d. after 38
Πάρθοι (υπό τον στρατηγό Σουρήνα) συντρίβουν τους Ρωμαίους (υπό τον Crassus) at Carrhae (53). Triumvir Crassus killed. 34.000 legionnaires captured or killed Παραίτηση (37).
Pacorus I, the *Warlike, son1 of Orodes II
Πακώρος Α΄
ο *Πολεμικός
(-) 39 - 38
Co-ruler with his father Orodes II. Ήττα Πάρθων από τους Ρωμαίους (υπό τον Ουεντίδιο Βάσσο, στρατηγό του Αντωνίου) (38). It is possible that he was co-ruler with his father for at least part of his father's reign. He was the brother-in-law of king Artavasdes II of Armenia Following the defeat of the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus Pacorus launched an invasion of Syria in 51 BC briefly conquering the Roman territory before being driven out by Cassius. Pacorus invaded Syria again in 40 BC in alliance with the Roman rebel Quintus Labienus. The Roman garrisons defected to Labienus and the combined armies defeated the forces of the Roman governor Saxa, who lost most of his troops as he retreated to Antioch Antioch-on-the-Orontes (modern Antakya, Turkey). With the Imperial forces routed, Pacorus and Labienus occupied the whole of Palestine and Asia Minor with the exception of a few cities that held out, including Tyre. In Judea Pacorus deposed king John Hyrcanus II and appointed his nephew Antigonus king in his place. In 39 BC a Roman counterattack under Publius Venditius killed Labienus in a battle in the Taurus Mountains and recovered Asia Minor. Pacorus returned to Syria in 38 BC but was killed in an attack on a Roman camp.
DYNASTY I
Δυναστεία 1η
House of Arsacids Αρσακίδες
Phraates IV, son2 of Orodes II
Φραάτης Δ΄
o *Αδελφοκτόνος
(Αρσάκης ΙΓ΄) 38 - 30
29 - 28
26 - 2 ΒC
Του αποδόθηκε η δολοφονία των 30 αδελφών του και του πατρός του Orodes II. Η δηλητηρίασή του αποδόθηκε στην συζυγό του Θερμούσσα και στον υιό του Phraates V.
Tiridates II, the *Usurper
- son of
Τιριδάτης Β΄ ο *Σφετεριστής 30 - 29 28 - 26
Μη-Αρσακίδης, στρατηγός του Phraates IV. Ήρθε σε ρήξη με αυτόν. Η επακολουθήσασα στάση ανέτρεψε τον Φραάτη που κατέφυγε σε Σκυθικούς λαούς. Μεταβείς στην Ρώμη, δολοφονήθηκε εκεί.
Phraates V, son1 of Phraates IV
and Thermoussa
Φραάτης Ε΄
(Φραατάκης - Αρσάκης ΙΔ΄) 2 BC - 4 AC
Mousa, dgt of
wif of Phraates IV
Μούσα 2 BC - 4 AC
Co-ruler with her son Phraates V
Orodes III, son of an unknown Arsacid
Ορώδης Γ΄
(Αρσάκης ΙΕ΄) 4 AC - 7
Vonones I
I of Armenia
son1 of Phraates IV
Βονώνης Α΄
(Αρσάκης ΙΣΤ΄) 8 - 12
He was sent to Rome as a hostage in the 20s BC as surety for a treaty his father made with Augustus.... Όταν εκβλήθηκε από τον θρόνο της Παρθίας αυτός κατέφυγε στην Αρμενία όπου έγινε βασιλέας.
Artabanus II
the *Great
of Media Atropatene
son of an unknown Arsacid
Αρτάβανος Β΄ ο *Μέγας
της Ατροπατηνής
(Αρσάκης ΙΖ΄) 10 - 25
36 - 37
37 - 38
Αρχικά king of Media Atropatene. Κατέλαβε τον θρόνο της Παρθίας μετά από σκληρούς αγώνες προς τον Vonones I. Αυτός κατέφυγε στην Αρμενία όπου έγινε βασιλέας. - War of Armenia Succession. Εγκατέστησε τον υιό του Ορώδη ως βασιλέα στην Αρμενία. Επέμβαση της Ρώμης (υπό τον αυτοκράτορα Τιβέριο) Τελικά επήλθε συννενόηση.
Tiridates III
son of an unknown Arsacid
gson Phraates IV
Τιριδάτης Γ΄
ο *Φιλορρωμαίος 35 - 36
He was sent to Rome as a hostage and was educated there. In about 36 when the Parthian nobility rebelled against Artabanus II, they applied to the Roman emperor Tiberius for a king of the race of Phraates. Tiberius sent Tiridates to the east, and ordered Lucius Vitellius (the father of the emperor Vitellius) to restore the Roman authority there. By very dexterous military and diplomatic operations Vitellius succeeded completely. Artabanus was deserted by his followers and fled. However, Tiridates, who was proclaimed king, could not maintain himself, because he appeared to be a vassal of the Romans. Artabanus soon returned from Hyrcania with a strong army of Scythian (Dahan) auxiliaries, and was again acknowledged by the Parthians. Tiridates left Seleucia and fled to Syria
Ο Τιριδάτης ενθρονίσθηκε στην Σελεύκεια με την βοήθεια των Ρωμαίων (υπό Βιτέλλιο). Η αντίδραση των εθνικιστών στην φιλορρωμαϊκή πολιτική του τον ανάγκασε να εγκαταλείψει το Παρθικό κράτος και να καταφύγει στην Συρία.
Vardanes I son of an unknown Arsacid Βαρδάνης Α΄ 40 - 47
Caligula embarks on a campaign to conquer Britain. German tribe Quadi begin settling in today Moravia and Slovakia. Noricum and Mauretania are incorporated into the Roman Empire.
Gotarzes II
son of an unknown Arsacid
bhr of Vardanes I
Γοτάρσης 40 - 51
Ανταγωνιστής του Gotarzes II
Sanabares son of Σαναβάρης 50 - 65
Vonones II son of Gotarzes II Βονώνης Β΄ (Αρσάκης ΙΗ΄) 51
Διαδέχθηκε τον πατέρα του και μετά από ολιγόμηνη βασιλεία, ανατράπηκε από τον Vologeses I.
Vologeses I
son of Vonones II
and x, a Greek concubine
Βολογέσης Α΄
ο *Νόθος, ο* Ανθέλλην
(Αρσάκης ΙΘ΄)
51 - 78
d. 80?
He succeeded his father in 51. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II, and occupied Armenia for another brother, Tiridates. This led to a long war with Rome (54–63), which was ably conducted by the Roman general Corbulo....
Απαγόρευση ελληνικών επιγραφών επι νομισμάτων. Ίδρυση της Βολογαισοκέρτας προς αντικατάσταση της Σελεύκειας. - War of Armenia Succession (54 - 55). Πολέμησε τους Ρωμαίους στην προσπάθειά του να δώσει στον αδελφό του Τιριδάτη την Αρμενία. Τελικά επήλθε συννενόηση. Οι Αλανοί καταλαμβάνουν Καυκάσιες επαρχίες.
Vardanes IΙ
son of an unknown Arsacid
Βαρδάνης B΄ 55 - 58
Κατέλαβε τον θρόνο κατά την διάρκεια μίας βραχύβιας εξέγερσης κατά του Vologeses I.
Vologeses II
son of
Βολογέσης Β΄ 77 - 80
Pacorus II
son of an unknown Arsacid
Πακώρος Β΄
(Αρσάκης Κ΄) 78 - 79
81 - 105
Αναγκάσθηκε να παλαίψει με πολλούς ανταγωνιστές.
Artabanus III
son of an unknown Arsacid
Αρτάβανος Γ΄
(Αρσάκης ΚΑ΄) 80 - 90
Vologeses III
son of an unknown Arsacid
Βολογέσης Γ΄ 105 - 147
Κατέλαβε τον θρόνο εν μέσω ταραχών και εμφυλίων πολέμων. Trajan starts the second expedition against Dacia (105) He was based in Eastern Parthian Empire (Parthia, Media, Persis) For the early part of his reign Vologases contended with Chosroes I, who ruled Mesopotamia Following the death of Osroes his rule extended through most of Parthia but had to contend with incursions of the nomadic Alans into Cappadocia, Armenia, and Media and with rebellions in Iran of Mithridates IV (129 - 140) and an unknown usurper, c. 140.
Chosroes I
son of an unknown Arsacid
bhr of Pacorus II
Χοσρόης Α΄
(Αρσάκης ΚΒ΄) 109 - 116
117 - 129
Ανταγωνιστής του Vologeses III. Η ανάμιξή του στην Αρμενία προκάλεσε την Ρωμαϊκή εισβολή στην χώρα του. Εξέγερση ατά της Ρώμης οδήγησε στην επαναφορά του στον θρόνο.
Parthamaspates
son of
Παρθαμασπάτης 116
Romans (by Trajanus) occupie Messopotamia
and seize Ctesiphon (114 - 117)
Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empire's eastern expansion.
Trajan removes Chrosoes as king of Parthia, and appoints Parthamaspates in his place. ...
Mithradates IV, son of ?, Μιθριδάτης Δ', 129 - 140
Επάλαισε με τον Vologeses III
king
of unknown name
βασιλέας
αγνώστου ονόματος 140
Vologeses IV
son of
Βολογέσης Δ΄
(Αρσάκης ΚΓ΄)
ο *Ισχυρός 147 - 191
Αξίωσε από τους Ρωμαίους την επιστροφή του χρυσού θρόνου των Αρσακιδών που είχε αφαιρέσει, στον προηγούμενο πόλεμο, ο Τραϊανός. Οι πολεμικές προπαρασκευές του Αντωνίνου τον εξηνάγκασαν σε διαπραγματεύσεις. Εισβολή στην Αρμενία (επί Μ. Αυρηλίου) και επανειλημμένες νίκες κατά των Ρωμαίων. Τελικώς, η Παρθία υπέστη εισβολή και η Σελεύκεια καταστράφηκε. Αναγκαστική παραχώρηση στην Ρώμη της Άνω Μεσοποταμίας. A pandemic known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome after the Roman army returns from Parthia (165).
Chosroes IΙ
son of an unknown Arsacid
Χοσρόης B΄ 190
(rival claimant)
Vologeses V
son of
Βολογέσης Ε΄
(Αρσάκης ΚΔ΄)
ο *Ατυχής 191 - 208
Αναμίχθηκε σε ενδο-Ρωμαϊκό εμφύλιο πόλεμο (μεταξύ Πεσκεννίου Νίγηρος και Σεπτίμιου Σεβήρου) υποστηρίζοντας τον πρώτο. Στην συνέχεια οι Ρωμαίοι (υπό τον Σέπτιμο Σεβήρο) εισέβαλαν στο Παρθικό κράτος (197 - 202) κατέλαβαν την Σελεύκεια και επολιόρκησαν την Κτησιφώνα. Η πόλη παραδόθηκε αλλά ο Βολογέσης διέφυγε.
Vologeses VI son of an unknown Arsacid Βολογέσης ΣΤ΄ (Αρσάκης ΚΕ΄) 208 - 228
Εξέγερση (υπό τον αδελφό του Αρτάβανο) τον εστέρησε όλες τις κτήσεις πλην Βαβυλώνας της οποίας ο Βολογέσης παρέμεινε κύριος επί κάποιο διάστημα.
Artabanus IV
son of an unknown Arsacid
bhr of Vologeses VI Αρτάβανος Δ΄
(Αρσάκης ΚΣΤ΄) 216 - 224
Κατάληψη της πρωτεύουσας Κτησιφώνας από τους Πέρσες (226) και κατάλυση του Παρθικού κράτους.
Sakh Artashir I, four years after establishing the Sassanid Persian Empire, completes his conquest of Parthia (228).
Υποσημειώσεις[]
- ↑ Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
- ↑ Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C."
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ↑ Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
- ↑ Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
- ↑ See: Unknown King (III) (c. A.D. 140)
- ↑ See: Tiridates III (c. A.D. 224 - 228?)
- ↑ This table appears in Πρότυπο:Harvnb, an appendix for his book chapter "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids" in The Cambridge History of Iran
Εσωτερική Αρθρογραφία[]
Βιβλιογραφία[]
Ιστογραφία[]
- Ομώνυμο άρθρο στην Βικιπαίδεια
- Ομώνυμο άρθρο στην Livepedia
- political History of Parthia, Neilson
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