Κισσοβάνδη
Kizzuwatna, Κισσοβάτνη, Κιζουβάτνα
- Mία ιστορική χώρα της Μικράς Ασίας.
Ετυμολογία[]
Η ονομασία "Κισσοβάνδη" σχετίζεται ετυμολογικά με την λέξη " ".
Ιστορία[]
King Σαργών Α' (Sargon) claimed to have reached the Ταύρος Όρος (Taurus mountains) ( = the silver mountains) in about 2300 BC. However, archaeology has yet not confirmed any Ακκαδική (Akkadian) influence in the area. The trade routes from Ασσυρία (Assyria) to the karum in the Anatolian highlands went through Kizzuwatna by the early second millennium BC.
The kings of Kizzuwatna of the second millennium BC made frequent contacts with the Hittites in the north. The earliest Hittite records seem to refer to Kizzuwatna and Αρσαβία (Arzawa) (Western Anatolia) collectively as Λουβία (Luwia).
In the power struggle that arose between the Hittites and the Hurrian kingdom of Μιταννίας (Mitanni), Kizzuwatna became a strategic partner due to its location. Ishputashu made a treaty with the Hittite king Telipinu. Later, Kizzuwatna shifted its allegiance, perhaps due to a new ruling dynasty. The city state of Alalakh to the south expanded under its new vigorous leader Idrimi, himself a subject of the Mitannian king Barattarna. King Pilliya of Kizzuwatna had to sign a treaty with Idrimi.
Kizzuwatna became an ally of Μιταννίας (Mitanni) from the reign of Shunashura I, until the Hittite king Αρνοβάνδης Α' (Arnuwanda I) overran the country and made it a vassal kingdom.
Kizzuwatna rebelled during the reign of Σίππυλου Α' (Suppiluliuma I), but remained within the Hittite empire for two hundred years. In the famous Battle of Kadesh (ca. 1291 BC), Kizzuwadna supplied troops to the Hittite king.
After the fall of the Hittite empire, several minor Neo-Hittite kingdoms emerged in the area, such as Ταβαλία (Tabal), Kummuhu and Que.
Ηγεμόνες[]
- Παραβάτρης (Pariyawatri)
- Ισπότασος (Isputahsu / Išputahšu†) - contemporary of Telipinu of Hatti (c.1500 BC)
- Παδατίσης (Paddatisu / Paddatišu)
- Πελλίας (Pilliya) - contemporary of Idrimi of Alalakh (c.1460 BC)
- Συνάσσωρ Α' (S(y)unassura / Šunaššura I)
- Τάλασος (Talzu)
- Συνάσσωρ Β' (S(y)unassura / Šunaššura II) - contemporary of Tuthaliya II of Hatti (c.1400 BC)
conquest by Arnuwanda I of Hatti (c.1380 BC)
† š represents a "s" sound (as in "sun") in Hittite and Luwian transliteration, despite the fact that š usually represents "sh" (as in shun) in other languages.
Εσωτερική Αρθρογραφία[]
Βιβλιογραφία[]
- Beckman, Garry M.: Hittite Diplomatic Texts, Scholars Press, Atlanta 1996.
- Götze, Albrecht: Kizzuwatna and the problem of Hittite geography, Yale university press, New Haven 1940.
- Haas, Volkert: Hurritische und luwische Riten aus Kizzuwatna, Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer 1974.
Ιστογραφία[]
Χαρτογραφία[]
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